Video Tributes To Eusebio, Soccer (Football) Player

Edited by Azizi Powell

This post features excerpts from articles about the great Afro-Portuguese soccer (football) player Eusebio (January 25, 1942- January 5, 2014). Two video tributes to Eusebio are also showcased in this post.

This post is presented as a means of introducing people like me to Eusebio and also celebrating his life for those who had previously known about him.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

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INFORMATION ABOUT ESUEBIO
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eus%C3%A9bio
"Eusébio da Silva Ferreira, GCIH, GCM (Portuguese pronunciation: [ewˈzɛbiu ðɐ ˈsiɫvɐ fɨˈʁɐjɾɐ]; 25 January 1942 – 5 January 2014), commonly known simply as Eusébio, was a Mozambican-born Portuguese football forward. He is considered one of the greatest footballers of all time.[2][3] During his professional career, he scored 733 goals in 745 matches.[3]

He helped the Portuguese national team reach third place at the 1966 World Cup, being the top goalscorer of the tournament with nine goals (including four in one match against North Korea)[4] and received the Bronze Ball award. He won the Ballon d'Or award in 1965 and was runner-up in 1962 and 1966. He played for Benfica for 15 years out of his 22 as a footballer, thus being mainly associated with the Portuguese club, and is the team's all-time top scorer with 638 goals scored in 614 official games. There, he won eleven Primeira Liga titles, five Taça de Portugal titles, a European Cup (1961–62) and helped them reach three additional European Cup finals..."

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From http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/05/eusebio-dead_n_4544361.html
LISBON, Portugal (AP) — Eusebio, the Portuguese soccer star who was born into poverty in Africa but became an international sporting icon and was voted one of the 10 best players of all time, has died aged 71, his longtime club Benfica said....

Eusebio da Silva Ferreira became affectionately known as the Black Panther for his athletic prowess and clinical finishing that made him one of the world's top scorers during his heyday in the 1960s for Benfica and the Portuguese national team.

Perhaps his biggest accomplishment was to lead Portugal to a third-place finish at the 1966 World Cup, but his agility and speed made him one of Europe's most dangerous forwards for most of a career that lasted two decades.

He was awarded the Ballon d'Or in 1965 as Europe's player of the year and twice won the Golden Boot — in 1968 and 1973 — for being top scorer in Europe. According to football's world governing body FIFA, he scored 679 goals in a total of 678 official games...

In 1998, a panel of 100 experts gathered by FIFA named him in its International Football Hall of Fame as one of the sport's top 10 all-time greats.

"Look, there are only two black people on the list: me and Pele," Eusebio commented on the honor, referring to the Brazilian great who was a friend. "I regard that as a great responsibility because I am representing Africa and Portugal, my second homeland."

Eusebio was born in Maputo, the Mozambican capital, during the Second World War when the southeast African country was still a Portuguese colony. He came from a poor family but sparkled for his local team and was lured by Benfica to Portugal when he was 18.

Known for his unpretentious and easy manner as well as his courage and ball skills, his popularity in Portugal was such that in 1964, when Italian clubs offered to buy Eusebio for sums that were astronomical for the time, the country's then-dictator, Antonio Salazar, decreed that the player was a "national treasure" — meaning that he could not be sold abroad.

"A football genius and example of humility, an outstanding athlete and generous man, Eusebio was for all sports fans and for all Portuguese an example of professionalism, determination and devotion to the colors of the national jersey and of Benfica," Portuguese Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho said in a statement.

In a playing career unparalleled in Portugal, Eusebio was a cornerstone of the Benfica team that won back-to-back European titles in the early 1960s....

Eusebio then moved to North America where he spent the last years of his career playing for the Boston Minutemen, Toronto Metros, Las Vegas Quicksilver and Buffalo Stallions through 1980.

Eusebio stayed on at Benfica as an assistant coach after his retirement and traveled widely with the Portuguese national side as a paid "soccer ambassador.""...

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FEATURED EXAMPLES

Example #1: Eusébio | R.I.P Tribute | (1942-2014)



FootballTv776Published on Jan 5, 2014

Eusébio | R.I.P Tribute | 1942-2014 (Rip)
RIP Eusebio: A true legend for Portugal & Benfica
Descansa em Paz Pantera Negra
Homenagem a Eusébio mais conhecido por " Pantera Negra "
Eusébio - The Black Panther

"Sempre eterno Eusébio, descansa em paz" -- Cristiano Ronaldo

"Uma das grandes figuras do futebol português, uma das grandes figuras de Portugal, Eusébio é mais do que uma figura do futebol, Eusébio é Portugal". "[Se hoje jogasse]seria uma coisa assombrosa" -- José Mourinho

"Eusébio era como se fosse meu filho. Estou triste, triste, triste" - Mário Coluna, antigo jogador do Benfica e da selecção. [Google translate from Portuguese to English - "Eusebio was like my son I am sad, sad, sad." - Mario Column, former Benfica player and selection. "

"The king!! Grande perda para todos nos! O mais grande!! -- Luís Figo. [Great loss for all of us! The greatest!]

"RIP Eusebio (1942-2014). One of the greats." -- Xabi Alonso

"Estamos tristes por ter sabido que morreu Eusébio, lenda do Benfica. Ele era um jogador fantástico e um amigo do clube" -- Manchester United. [We are sad to (learn about the death of) Eusebio, Benfica legend. He was a fantastic player and a friend of the club".]

"De Eusébio vamos recordar o talento, o exemplo e o carácter de um homem que marcou o futebol português e se transformou numa referência do futebol mundial", SL Benfica ["(We remember Eusebio's) talent, the example and character of a man who marked the Portuguese football and became a reference in world football."]

«Morreu um dos maiores símbolos da modalidade. O maior jogador português da sua geração e sobretudo um grande ser humano e um exemplo de fair-play. É um dia triste para o futebol português» [ (One of the greatest symbols of the sport died). The greatest Portuguese player of his generation and above all a great human being and an example of fair play. It is a sad day for Portuguese football]

"Que triste notícia Deus. D.E.P Eusébio. Serás sempre recordado" -- Salvio. [What sad news God. (R.I.P) Eusebius. You'll always be remembered "]

"Triste muito triste. Descansa em paz King. És eterno !! RIP Eusébio" - Simão Sabrosa [Sad very sad. Rest in peace King. You are eternal]

Some of Eusébio (1942-2014) greatest moments with Portugal & SL Benfica.

Song: PIANOFORTE un uomo suona e RIFLETTE (TRIST ) A MAN PLAYING THE PIANO AND THINK ABOUT THE PAST (SAD)
-snip-
The words in parenthesis are my changes to the Google Translate words to standard American English.

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Example #2: Eusebio Tribute



wwemaddave, Uploaded on Jul 13, 2011

One of the greatest footballers ever

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Thanks to Eusebio da Silva Ferreira for his athletic accomplishments and for being a positive role model. Rest In Peace.

Thanks to the publishers of these videos on YouTube.

Thanks for visiting pancocojams.

Visitor comments are welcome.

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Paul Robeson; Kathleen Battle & Jessye Norman - Scandalize My Name

Edited by Azizi Powell

This post showcases a rendition of the African American Spiritual "Scandalize My Name" by Paul Robeson, and a rendition of that Spiritual by Kathleen Battle & Jessye Norman. The lyrics to that Spiritual and explanations of certain phrases in those lyrics also given in this post.

The content of this post is presented for cultural, religious, and aesthetic purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

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LYRICS: SCANDALIZE MY NAME
(African American Spiritual, composer unknown)

I met my brother the other day
And gave him my right hand
As soon as ever my back was turned
He scandalized my name

Now do you call that a brother?
No, no
You call that a brother?
No, no
You call that a brother
No, no
Scandalize my name

I met my sister the other day
And gave her my right hand
As soon as ever my back was turned
She too scandalized my name

Now do you call that a sister?
No, no
You call that a sister?
No, no
You call that a sister?
No, no
Scandalize my name

I met my preacher the other day
And gave him my right hand
As soon as ever my back was turned
He too scandalized my name

Now do you call that religion?
No, no
You call that religion?
No, no
You call that religion?
No, no
Scandalize my name.

http://www.lyrics007.com/Paul%20Robeson%20Lyrics/Scandalize%20My%20Name%20Lyrics.html
-snip-
"scandalize my name = spread malicious gossip about me [thus creating a scandal about me]

"gave her [him] my right hand"
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_hand_of_Christian_fellowship
"The Right Hand of Fellowship is a ritual intended to welcome a new member into the fellowship of a congregation or welcoming a new minister into the fellowship of ministers. It is based on Paul's letter to the Galatians, chapter 2 verse 9, where Paul says that three disciples of Jesus "gave me and Barnabas their right hands of fellowship" (Greek: δεξὰς ἔδωκαν ἐμοὶ καὶ Βαρναβᾷ κοινωνίας), bonding them together as members of the new Christian church. John Stott follows the New English Bible in suggesting that the phrase means the other apostles "accepted Barnabas and myself as partners, and shook hands upon it."[1] Herman Ridderbos, however, believes that the "giving of right hands represents more than a reciprocal acknowledgment or testimony of friendship: it suggests rather a covenant."[2]"
-snip-
This is also referred to in churches as "extending the right hand of fellowship"

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FEATURED EXAMPLES

Example #1: Scandalize My Name! - Paul Robeson



varadero1839, Uploaded on Dec 8, 2009

Mr. Robeson sings the truth, in his own inimitable way, and what a superb rendition!
-snip-
Here's a comment from this sound file's viewer comment thread:

TheReturnOfStephan, 2009
Brilliant, as always!! There's an incredibly fascinating, terrifying documentary of the same name, about the blacklisting of African-American entertainers during McCarthy's Red Scare. It's definitely a must-see.
-snip-
I wonder if the name for the "Scandalize My Name" Spiritual had any influence on the title for the American television political drama series Scandal http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandal_(TV_series). That series was created and is produced by African American Shonda Rhimes.

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Example #2: Kathleen Battle, Jessye Norman: "Scandalize My Name" 15 / 22



Opera Buff, Published on Mar 30, 2012

Spirituals in Concert
Amazing performance by two Opera Greats:
Kathleen Battle & Jessye Norman
Both shine throughout the concert and it should leave no doubt to anyone that Kathleen Battle and Jessye Norman are indeed two of the finest sopranos.
James Levine (Conductor)
Sylvia Olden Lee (Piano)
Live from Carnegie Hall
March 18, 1990
-snip-
I also want to say that I LOVE Jessye Norman's dress.

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Thanks to Paul Robeson, Kathleen Battle, and Jessye Norman for their musical legacy.
And thanks to the publishers for these examples on YouTube.

Thanks for visiting pancocojams.

Visitor comments are welcome

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"My Mommy Sent Me To The Store" & What Ya Gonna Feed Him" Children's Rhymes

Edited by Azizi Powell

This post presents text examples of children's rhymes that include the line "My mommy (or "mother") sent me to the store". Many of these rhymes include the lines "What ya gonna feed him/neck bones (or words that are a similar to "neck bones"). A sub-set of those children's rhyme examples contain the line "Shave and a haircut/Two bits" rather than the line "My mommy sent me to the store".

The content of this post is presented for folkloric, cultural, and recreational purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

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GENERAL COMMENT
These examples demonstrate how children combine two or more independent (stand alone) verses or rhymes. The verse that is common with these examples (with the exception of Examples #1 & #4) are made up of two or more "what" or "who" questions with short, rhyming responses. The line "What ya gonna feed him (or "it") is found in each of these examples, except the exceptions already mentioned. The first "What" question is the first line of the second [stand alone?] rhyme. The first rhyme is either "My mommy sent me to the store" or "shave and a haircut". Other rhyming verses may also be added to these rhymes.

It also occurs to me that these rhymes with "what" or "who" questions & short, rhyming responses remind me of the song/chant "Hambone" ("Hambone Hambone where you been"?), and the "Puddin Tane" rhyme ("What's your name/Puddin Tane"). And another "What did you feed them?" song from African American culture -along with this posts' featured rhymes- is "Did You Feed My Cow".

DEMOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION
Very little demographical information is available for the rhyme examples that are featured on this page. All of these examples were given as remembrances of rhymes that the contributors chanted or the contributors remembered being chanted during their childhood (by other children or by their parents or from their grandmother who remembered it from her own childhood).

Both female and male contributors posted examples of these rhymes. No racial demographics were given for any of these contributors. However, read my comments after Example #3 in which I share why I deduced that the contributors for that example and for Example #2 were African American.

The earliest date for the examples in this collection is 1922 (from Dad's memory). Other dates that were given were "the [19]60s (from grandmother), and "my whole childhood" (age given 27 years in 2010 = 1970s) [Example #7].

PERFORMANCE ACTIVITY
Example #1 in this post is from a collection of jump rope rhymes. Another contributor [Example #4] indicated referred to her [?] rhyme as a "clapping game". No performance information was given for the other examples.

RHYME SOURCES
I believe that this children's rhyme was inspired by the Fats Waller song "My Mommie Sent Me To The Store". I also believe that that Fats Waller song in turn was inspired by the Parkers Brothers card game "My Mother Sent Me To The Grocery Store.

Click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2014/01/fats-waller-my-mommie-sent-me-to-store.html for an example of and lyrics to that 1940 Fats Waller song, and information about that memory game which was first produced around 1902.

The "Shave and a haircut. Two Bits" line comes from that popular jingle & tune. Click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2014/01/thethe-source-of-shave-and-hair-cut-two.html for a pancocojams post about that tune. Also, click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2014/01/examples-of-shave-and-haircut-childrens.html for additional "Shave and a haircut" children's rhymes.

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FEATURED EXAMPLES
These examples are posted in chronological order based on their publishing date online or their collection date with the earliest published examples given first. When neither of those dates are available, that example will be posted with the date that it was retrieved from that website.

Example #1:
Mother sent me to the store.
She said I could not stay.
I fell in love with a blue eyed boy.
I couldn't get away.
Source: Abrahams (1969); http://mudcat.org/jumprope/jumprope_display.cfm?rhyme_number=175

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Example #2:
My momma sent me to the store
She told me not to stay out long
I fell in love with a little black boy
That stole my heart away, hey hey hey.
Who's the daddy?
Tyrone
What you gonna feed him?
Neckbones

LOL, I don't remember the rest of it. That was a long time a go
CJUS, 4-01-2003 http://www.greekchat.com/gcforums/archive/index.php/t-31403.html "Old School Chants"
-snip-
Read my comment below about this example and example #1.

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Example #3:
Originally posted by CJUS
"My momma sent me to the store
She told me not to stay out long
I fell in love with a little black boy
That stole my heart away, hey hey hey.
Who's the daddy?
Tyrone
What you gonna feed him?
Neckbones

LOL, I don't remember the rest of it. That was a long time a go"

...I fell in love with the grocery boy who took my heart away, way way.

Who's the daddy?
Tyrone
Whatcha' gone feed it?
babyfood
Whatcha' gonna feed it with?
a silverspoon.
Kisha, 4-01-2003 http://www.greekchat.com/gcforums/archive/index.php/t-31403.html "Old School Chants"
-snip-
From the vernacular language used in some of the rhyme examples & some of the comments, and from the inclusion of certain rhymes which are almost always associated with African Americans, I deduced that all the participants in this Greekchat.com "old school chants" discussion thread were African Americans. This deduction was reinforced by some of the screen names and signage of other participants in this discussion thread which identified those contributors as members of historically Black Greek lettered sororities (and the fact that sororities in the United States are almost completely racially segregated.)

I believe that both of these Greekchat.com examples are missing a line or lines at the end. Read the subsequent examples to find possible ending lines and/or the format used to come up with possible ending lines.

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Examples #4:
Clapping games
(These lines probably don’t even really go together except in my head.)

My boyfriend’s name is Tony.
He comes from the land of Baloney.
With 23 toes and a pickle for a nose.
This is how my story goes.
One night while I was walking

I saw my boyfriend talking
to a cute little girl with a strawberry curl
and this is what he said, said, said.
I L-O-V-E love you.
I K-I-S-S kiss you.
I K-I-S-S kiss you on your
F-A-C-E face face face.

My mother sent me to the store.
She told me not to stay.
But I fell in love with the grocery boy
and stayed ’til Christmas day, day, day.

My mother wanted peaches;
my mother wanted pears;
my boyfriend wanted 50 cents
and kissed me on the stair, stairs, stairs.

http://honey.delobi.us/2009/11/ryhmes-remembered/ Posted on Saturday, November 21, 2009 in children's rhymes

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Example #5:
Shave and a haircut, two bits.
Who’s gonna pay for it? Tom Nix.
Whatcha gonna feed him on? Cold Grits.

Don’t know where that came from, but that’s how my grandmom sang it in the 60s
-Elizabeth on September 17, 2010, http://dan.hersam.com/2004/09/21/shave-and-a-haircut-two-bits/ "Amidst a tangled web: shave and a haircut, two bits" Hereafter given as Hersam: Shave And A Haircut
-snip-
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Mix
"Thomas Edwin "Tom" Mix (born Thomas Hezikiah Mix;[1] January 6, 1880 – October 12, 1940) was an American film actor and the star of many early Western movies. Between 1909 and 1935, Mix appeared in 291 films,[2] all but nine of which were silent movies. He was Hollywood's first Western megastar and is noted as having helped define the genre for all cowboy actors who followed."

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Examples #6:
All the variations are amazing! This is my memory:

Shave and a haircut, six bits,
Who’s the barber, Tom X (maybe Mix).
What’re your gonna feed him? Steak bones?
Who’s gonna eat ‘em? Spike Jones.
-Polly on September 25, 2010, Hersam: Shave And A Haircut
-snip-
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_Jones
"Lindley Armstrong "Spike" Jones (December 14, 1911 – May 1, 1965) was an American musician and bandleader specializing in performing satirical arrangements of popular songs. Ballads and classical works receiving the Jones treatment would be punctuated with gunshots, whistles, cowbells, and outlandish vocals. Through the 1940s and early 1950s, the band recorded under the title Spike Jones and his City Slickers and toured the United States and Canada under the title The Musical Depreciation Revue."

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Example #7:
I’m 27, and my whole childhood we sang
“shave and a haircut,
2 bits; who ya gonna marry? thomas
whatcha gonna feed him? ham bones
who’s gonna eat ‘em? spike jones

then we’d instantly go into the “my momma told me” song.
-Janice on September 27, 2010, Hersam: Shave And A Haircut
-snip-
"My momma told me" is probably the song:
My momma told me
If I would goody
She gonna buy me
A rubber dolly
But someone told her
I kissed a soldier
She didn't buy me
A rubber dolly.
(from my memory of that song in New Jersey, 1950s, jump rope or hand clap rhyme)

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Example #8:
My grandmother sings:

Shave and a haircut–two bits
Who got married–Tom mix
Who was he doctor–buck jones
What did they feed him–dog bones


Awesome!!! Thought it was always something she made up for us but it’s cool I found others!!
-Dusty on March 16, 2011, Hersam: Shave And A Haircut
-snip-
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buck_Jones
"Buck Jones (December 12, 1891[1] – November 30, 1942) was an American motion picture star of the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s, known for his work starring in many popular western movies. In his early film appearances, he was billed as Charles Jones."

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Examples #9:
The way my grandmother and mother taught us was:

Shave and a haircut, two bits!
Who ya gonna marry? Thomas!
What ya gonna feed him? Neck Bones!
Who’s gonna eat them? Spike Jones!

This was followed up by the lady with the bald headed baby song
-Alicia on June 29, 2012, Hersam: Shave And A Haircut
-snip-
This may be the rhyme (song) that includes a line about "the lady with the bald headed baby"
From http://girlgriots.tumblr.com/ "The Handgame Society"

Take a peach take a plum
take a pocket full of gum
No no don’t take it
Take it up
Take it down
Take it all the way around
Popcorn maybe chicken and gravy
Here comes the lady with the bald-headed baby
She can wiggle she can wobble
She can do the splits
Betcha 5 dollars she can’t do this:
Said spin all the way arrrrouunnd
Jump all the way arroounnd

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Examples #10:
Ok kids, here my Dad’s version, who was born in 1922:

Shave and a haircut, 2 bits.
Who’d got married? Tom Mix.
Who’d he marry? Shea Ray.
How’s the baby? OK.
Who’s the doctor? Doc Jones.
What’ya feed the baby? Big bones.
-Chris on September 30, 2012, Hersam: Shave And A Haircut

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Example #11:
My gramma taught me:

Shave and a hair cut – two bits
Who’s getting married – Thomas
Who is he marrying – Pearl White
How is the baby – All right
What do they feed her – Ham bones

I’m pretty sure there’s another line to rhyme with bones.
-Atalaya on May 16, 2013, Hersam: Shave And A Haircut
-snip-
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_White
"Pearl Fay White (March 4, 1889 – August 4, 1938) was an American film actress. White began her career on the stage at the age of six. She later moved on to silent film appearing in a number of popular serials.

Dubbed the "Queen of the serials", White was noted for doing the majority of her own stunts in several film serials, most notably in The Perils of Pauline."

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Example #12:
Shave and a Haircut, 2 Bits
Who is the Barber? Tom Mix
Whatcha gonna Feed him? Neck Bones
Who’s Gonna Eat ‘Em? Buck Jones
Run to the River, Jump In.
Sink to the Bottom,
The End.
-Jim Lilly July 8, 2013, Hersam: Shave And A Haircut

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Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post. Special thanks to Dan Hersham http://dan.hersam.com/2004/09/21/shave-and-a-haircut-two-bits/ "Amidst a tangled web: shave and a haircut, two bits".

Thank you for visiting pancocojams.

Visitor comments are welcome

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Fats Waller - My Mommie Sent Me To The Store (sound file & lyrics)

Edited by Azizi Powell

This post showcases Fats Waller's 1940 recording "My Mommie Sent Me To The Store". The lyrics to this song are included in this post, as well as information about a Parker Brothers board game that may have been the inspiration for this song.

The content of this post is presented for cultural, entertainment, and aesthetic purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

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SHOWCASE EXAMPLE: MY MOMMIE SENT ME TO THE STORE by Fats Waller 1940



cdbpdx, Uploaded on Apr 25, 2011

Just finished recording a collection of Fats Waller tunes from 1935 - 1942. Most are tunes you don't hear very much. Here is MY MOMMIE SENT ME TO THE STORE, recorded in 1940. Enjoy!
-snip-
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Waller
"Thomas Wright "Fats" Waller (May 21, 1904 – December 15, 1943) was an influential jazz pianist, organist, composer, singer, and comedic entertainer, whose innovations to the Harlem stride style laid the groundwork for modern jazz piano, and whose best-known compositions, "Ain't Misbehavin'" and "Honeysuckle Rose", were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame posthumously, in 1984 and 1999."

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LYRICS: MY MOMMIE SENT ME TO THE STORE
(Fats Waller)

My mommy sent me to the store, to the store, to the store.
But what my mommy sent me for
I really can’t remember.

I think it was the grocery
Let me see, let me see.
Oh gee. Oh gosh. Oh gosh. Oh gee.
I don’t remember.

I forgotten what she needed
For the pantry shelf.
All I know is that she said
To keep a nickel for myself
And I got that.

But mommy sent me to the store to the store, to the store
But what my mommy sent me for
I really can’t remember.

Can you boys help me out?
(Male voices: Did she send you out for pie?)
No, you know she didn’t ask for pie.
(Male voices: Did she want a loaf of rye?)
You know my mama didn’t like no liquid. No!

[Instrumental]

It wasn’t pie.
It wasn’t rye.
Oh, what was I supposed to buy?

[Drum roll]

Oh I really can’t,
Really can’t
Remember.

[Spoken]- My memory is so unreliable.
-snip-
Transcription by Azizi Powell. At the end of the sound file Fats Waller says something that I can't decipher. Additions and corrections welcome.

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ADDENDUM - "MY MOTHER SENT ME TO THE GROCERY STORE" CARD GAME
I think that it's very likely that Fats Waller's 1940 Jazz song "My Mommie Sent Me To The Store" was inspired by the card game "My Mother Sent Me To The Grocery Store". That memory game was first produced by Parker Brothers around 1902. Here are two quotes about that game:
From http://www.zandkantiques.com/Antique_American_Game_Parker_Brothers_My_Mother_Sent_Me_Grocery_Store_For_Sale.html
"My Mother Sent Me to the Grocery Store

Parker Brothers, Salem Mass, NY & London Circa 1902

This nice early American antique game from Parker Brothers features a charming image of a toddler galloping home from the grocery story on his imaginary steed, a tiny whip in one hand and a basket of apples on the opposite arm. This game includes its original instructions and many of its original playing cards and is a great value for the money."

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From http://www.americanchristmassongs.com/2013/11/02/my-mother-sent-me-to-the-grocery-store-parker-brothers-1887/
Ronnie says:
November 2, 2013 at 11:34 am
"Here’s a description I found:

“In this game, players take turns reading the big card in front of them (“My mother sent me to the grocery store to get…”) and then drawing a slip from the pile in the center of the table. If the object drawn would be available at the location read, they keep the slip. Play continues around until every player has drawn for one location, and then a new location is pulled. Once all the big cards have been used, the player with the most slips wins the game.” "

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RELATED LINK
A pancocojams post of children's rhymes that include the line "my mommy sent me to the store"
will be published ASAP.

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Thanks to Fats Waller for his musical legacy. Thanks also to all those who are quoted in this post, and thanks to the publisher of this sound file on YouTube.

Thank you for visiting pancocojams.

Visitor comments are welcome.

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Examples Of "Shave And A HairCut" Children's Rhymes

Edited by Azizi Powell

This is Part II of a two part series on the tune that is commonly known in the United States as "Shave and a hair cut. Two Bits". Part II provides examples of "clean" children's rhymes that contain the line "shave and a hair cut". That post will be published ASAP.

Click for Part I of this post.
Part I provides information about the source of the tune which is commonly known in the United States by the words "Shave and a hair cut. Two bits." This post also provides an explanation of the meaning of "two bits" (or "six bits", another common ending in the United States or "two bobs", a common ending in the United Kingdom.) A few sound files and video examples the "Shave and a hair cut. Two bits" tune also are included in post.

Posting these examples on this blog that showcases Black music, dance, and other cultural indices is not meant to imply that these examples only came from Black people. No racial demographics were given for any of the contributors whose online examples are featured in this post. It's likely that all or most of these contributors are White. However, African American and other Black children have chanted "shave and a hair cut" rhymes. Furthermore, as found in articles featured in Part I of this series, the rhythmic pattern for the call and response Afro-Cuban calve rhythm that is known in the United States as "Shave and a hair cut. Two Bits" originated in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The content of this post is presented for folkloric, cultural, and recreational purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

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FEATURED EXAMPLES
(Examples from specific websites are posted together in the order that they are found on that website. These examples are numbered in consecutive order. The numbers that are assigned to these examples in this post differ from any numbers that might have been assigned on their source websites.)

Example #1:
We used to sing –

Shave and a haircut, two bits,
Who got married? Tom Mix,
Who did he marry? Ann O’Shea,
How is the baby? OK!
-Marcia on June 4, 2007; http://dan.hersam.com/2004/09/21/shave-and-a-haircut-two-bits/ "Amidst a tangled web: shave and a haircut, two bits" Hereafter given as Hersam: Shave And A Haircut
-snip-
Note: Either this Marcia or another contributor named Marcia posted this same version on August 28, 2011 and indicated that it was from "the [19]50s".

Here's some information about Tom Mix from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Mix
"Thomas Edwin "Tom" Mix (born Thomas Hezikiah Mix;[1] January 6, 1880 – October 12, 1940) was an American film actor and the star of many early Western movies. Between 1909 and 1935, Mix appeared in 291 films,[2] all but nine of which were silent movies. He was Hollywood's first Western megastar and is noted as having helped define the genre for all cowboy actors who followed."
-snip-
I'm not sure who Ann O' Shea is/was. Perhaps it was made up. But it's curious that that name shows up in a number of these examples. Perhaps it's because "O'Shea" rhymes with "Okay", but still...

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Example #2:
This is what I remember my dad singing:

Shave and a haircut, two bits
Who was the barber, Tom Mix
What did you sit in, a chair
What did he cut off, your hair

We grew up in British Columbia, Canada
-denise on January 30, 2008, Hersam: Shave And A Haircut

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Example #3:
shave and a haircut,bay rum
Don’t chew tobacco ,chew gum
Clothes on a washline dry up
You said a mouthful ,shut up !
-Stuart K. on April 22, 2009, Hersam: Shave And A Haircut

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Example #4: In the very early thirties we used to sing it as:

“Shave and a haircut, two bits
Who got married, Tom Mix
Who/Whom did he marry, Pearl White
How did he like her, all right”

Whoever sings it as “six bits” must have heard it 20 years later when inflation set in. Saw on another discussion “who did he marry, Alice White” but that doesn’t fit as smoothly as Pearl White and since Pearl White was a kind of contemporary of Tom Mix, it made more sense to connect him to Pearl White than the made up person Alice White, neither one of which he really married)."
-Ray W on April 11, 2011, Hersam: Shave And A Haircut
-snip-
The contributor is correct that Pearl White was "kind of contemporary of Tom Mix". Here's information from her Wikipedia page
-snip-
However, "Alice White" is the name of a film star who also was a contemporary of Tom Mix.
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_White
"Alice White (August 24, 1904, Paterson, New Jersey – February 19, 1983, Los Angeles, California) was an American film actress."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_White
"Pearl Fay White (March 4, 1889 – August 4, 1938) was an American film actress. White began her career on the stage at the age of six. She later moved on to silent film appearing in a number of popular serials.

Dubbed the "Queen of the serials", White was noted for doing the majority of her own stunts in several film serials, most notably in The Perils of Pauline."

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Example #5:
Shave and a hair cut – two bits
Who was the barber – Tom Mix
Who did he marry – Pearl White
How did he like her – alright
-Valerie on August 21, 2011, Hersam: Shave And A Haircut

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Example #6:
From the midwest…

Shave and a hair cut – two bits
Who did he marry?
His horse
What did it end up?
Divorce!

....*
-Anne on February 22, 2010, Hersam: Shave And A Haircut
-snip-
*[My asterisk] This contributor and some others commented about the custom of the car horn honking "shave and hair cut" while driving through a tunnel.

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Example #7:
They way I heard it growing up in the 50′s, was:

Shave and a haircut, two bits
Who you gonna marry, Tom Mix
If he falls and breaks his bones,
Who you gonna marry, Buck Jones.

The girls used to sing that song while jumping rope. Since I had three sisters, I heard it a lot
....*
-Pete on November 6, 2012, Hersam: Shave And A Haircut
*[My asterisk]. Read my comment for Example #6.
-snip-
Here's information on Buck Jones from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buck_Jones
"Buck Jones (December 12, 1891[1] – November 30, 1942) was an American motion picture star of the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s, known for his work starring in many popular western movies. In his early film appearances, he was billed as Charles Jones."

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Example #8:
"I hesitate to record the following, but I will anyway. Here is a song I learned in YMCA day camp – 1947 (what was a good Jewish boy like me doing in a Christian day camp? – it’s a long story):

Well, I walked into a bakery shop to get something to eat
Because I was so hungry from my head to my feet
So I picks up a doughnut and I wipes off the grease [doughnuts invented ~1800]
And I hands the waitress a five cent piece. [~ price in about 1930]
Well, she looks at the nickel and she looks at me
And she says hey mister can’t you plainly see
There’s a hole in the nickel
There’s a hole right through
Says I, there’s a hole in the doughnut too,
Shave and a haircut, two bits
You said a mouthful – Shut up!

This children’s rhyme was obviously not the source of the ‘beat’ or its accompanying expression, which is just tacked onto the end, but it seems not unlikely to me that some earlier one was. Maybe it started as the 'barber’s song' or 'barber’s rhyme,' which was usually accompanied by a participants tapping or ‘knocking’ out the beat’ – VOILA!"
-Ken Greenwald (Fort Collins, CO - U.S.A.) Mon Jun 28, 2004, http://www.wordwizard.com/phpbb3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=4157 "knocking pattern (shave/haircut/two bits)" Hereafter given as Wordwizard:(shave/haircut/two bits)

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Example #9:
"there is actually a rhyme that goes with "a shave and a haircut." it is as follows:

A Shave and a Haircut, two bits
Who is the barber, Tom Micks
Who did he marry, Snow White
How are you feeling, alright

This rhyme really makes no sense to me but my grandmother taught it to me shortly before she passed away so I never forgot it. It's a cute rhyme and sounds good if you say it right. We used to say it when there was nothing else to say and the room was quiet. If you know the meaning of it, then more power to you…"
-Shawnee radera, Mon Jun 28, 2004, Wordwizard:(shave/haircut/two bits)

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Example #10:
I was told once that this was an advertising jingle.

"Shave and a haircut, six bits.
Don't chew tobacco, chew Britt's.'

Don't know if the song came first and was adopted for the jingle, or if the jingle came first."

Britt's was a chewing gum, older even than Black Jack (anybody else remember this?)
-rs0522, 09-16-2000, http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?threadid=38661

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OTHER CHILDREN'S RHYMES THAT USE THE "SHAVE AND A HAIR CUT" TUNE
SOMEONE FARTED PEE-YOU
"While reading this it occurred to me that this was a rhyme people used to say when i was younger.
I grew up in the nineties for reference :D

“Somebody farted, pee-you!
Who did it come from? From you!
When did it happen? Last night!
How did it feel? Just right!”

Very childish I know, but a play on the same rhyme nonetheless."
-Youngin on July 2, 2011, Hersam: Shave And A Haircut

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SKUNK IN THE BARNYARD
Skunk in the barnyard, P.U.
somebody ate it, that's you!

(note: sung to the tune of Shave and a Haircut.)…"

http://www.playgroundjungle.com/2009/12/counting-out-rhymes.html

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RELATED LINK
A post on children's rhymes that include the line "What did you feed him/neckbones (or
a similar word) will be posted ASAP. Most of those rhymes begin with the line "My mommy sent me to the store", and some of those rhymes include the "Shave and a hair cut. Two bits" line.

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This concludes Part II of this pancocojams post.

Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post. Special thanks to Dan Hersham http://dan.hersam.com/2004/09/21/shave-and-a-haircut-two-bits/ "Amidst a tangled web: shave and a haircut, two bits".

Thank you for visiting pancocojams.

Visitor comments are welcome

Read More

The Source Of The "Shave And A Hair Cut. Two Bits" Tune

Edited by Azizi Powell

This is Part I of a two part series on the tune that is commonly known in the United States as "Shave and a hair cut. Two Bits". Part I provides information about the source of the tune which is commonly known in the United States by the words "Shave and a hair cut. Two bits." This post also provides an explanation of the meaning of "two bits" (or "six bits", another common ending in the United States or "two bobs", a common ending in the United Kingdom.) A few sound files and video examples the "Shave and a hair cut. Two bits" tune also are included in post.

Click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2014/01/examples-of-shave-and-haircut-childrens.html for Part II of this series.

Part II of this post provides examples of "clean" children's rhymes that contain the line "shave and a hair cut".

The content of this post is presented for folkloric, cultural, and recreational purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

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PART I: SOURCE OF "SHAVE AND A HAIRCUT. TWO BITS"
From http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/ShaveAndAHaircut
"Shave and a Haircut
Two bits!

Probably the most infamous seven beats of music in the modern world, or at least high on the list, this five-and-two lick appears everywhere. In music, it's a sting to end a piece; in other media, it appears in a joke and/or as a recognition signature, usually a knock—the first person taps out "shave-and-a-hair-cut," and waits for the "two bits" response.

While the rhythm is flexible, and the words change, it's always to a similar tune, though some different versions of it exist."

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Shave and a Haircut (two bits!)



Camille BaptistaPublished on Jul 18, 2012
-snip-
This post focuses on this tune's ending notes.

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From https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?id=164335963612731&story_fbid=234031866739872 "Unlocking Clave" April 9, 2013 at 11:32am
"The "shave and a haircut—two bits" riff is a commonly known example of a clave-based phrase that can be heard in a wide variety of North American music, such as bluegrass and show tunes."

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From http://www.rhythmweb.com/clave/ "The Clave Page"
"'Claves' is the name for an instrument used in Caribbean music, composed of two short but thick sticks, usually of as hard a wood as possible, often rosewood. They have great cutting power despite their small size, and play a very important role in certain types of music, especially Latin music.

The Term 'clave' also refers to the rhythms played on these instruments, and to the concept which is embodied in these rhythms. The clave acts as a sort of backbone, a guide, if you will, to which the other instruments and the dancers synchronize themselves..If the other rhythms line up properly with the clave rhythm, the music is said to be "in clave". Traditionally the clave rhythm was always heard on the claves, but nowadays, a timbalero or other percussionist may be playing the clave rhythm on a wood or plastic block, along with other parts."

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From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clave_(rhythm) Hereafter given as Wikipedia: Clave (rhythm).
"The clave rhythmic pattern is used as a tool for temporal organization in Afro-Cuban music, such as abakúa, rumba, conga de comparsa, son, son montuno, mambo, salsa, Latin jazz, songo and timba. The five-stroke clave pattern represents the structural core of many Afro-Cuban rhythms.[1]

The clave pattern originated in sub-Saharan African music traditions, where it serves essentially the same function as it does in Cuba. In Ethnomusicology, clave is also known as a key pattern,[2][3] guide pattern,[4] phrasing referent,[5] timeline,[6] or asymmetrical timeline.[7] The clave pattern is also found in the African diaspora musics of Haitian vodou drumming, Afro-Brazilian music and Afro-Uruguayan music (Candombe). The clave pattern is used in North American popular music as a rhythmic motif or ostinato, or simply a form of rhythmic decoration...

Etymology
Anglicized pronunciation: clah-vay
Clave is a Spanish word meaning 'code,' 'key,' as in key to a mystery or puzzle, or 'keystone,' the wedge-shaped stone in the center of an arch that ties the other stones together. Clave is also the name of the patterns played on claves; two hardwood sticks used in Afro-Cuban music ensembles—Peñalosa (2009).[8]

The key to Afro-Cuban rhythm
Just as a keystone holds an arch in place, the clave pattern holds the rhythm together in Afro-Cuban music.[8] The two main clave patterns used in Afro-Cuban music are known in North America as son clave and the rumba clave.[9] Both are used as bell patterns across much of Africa...

Both clave patterns are used in rumba. What we now call son clave (also known as Havana clave) used to be the key pattern played in Havana-style yambú and guaguancó.[17] Some Havana-based rumba groups still use son clave for yambú.[18] The musical genre known as son probably adopted the clave pattern from rumba when it migrated from eastern Cuba to Havana at the beginning of the 20th century...

Rumba clave.
The other main clave pattern is the rumba clave. Rumba clave is the key pattern used in Cuban Rumba. Use of the triple-pulse form of rumba clave in Cuba can be traced back to the iron bell (ekón) part in abakuá music. The form of rumba known as columbia is culturally and musically connected with abakuá which is an Afro Cuban cabildo that descends from the Kalabari of Cameroon. Columbia also uses this pattern. Sometimes 12/8 rumba clave is clapped in the accompaniment of Cuban batá drums. The 4/4 form of rumba clave is used in yambú, guaguancó and popular music...
-snip-
This article continues with information and examples of clave rhythms in various musical genres in Cuba, Africa, Brazil, and the United States.

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Son Clave vs Rhumba Clave



thisguy41487, Published on Dec 21, 2012

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Rumba Guaguanco (Loop)



axelomar96, Published on Apr 24, 2013

A short loop of Rumba Guaguancó. It can be used to practice and improvise with the quinto. The following instruments were used for this recording:
1) 2 Congas (Salidor and Tres Golpes)
2) Timbales (Cascara for the Catá and Jam Block for the Clave)
3) Shekeré

The instruments were played by Axel Vera. The recording was made using Garage Band iPad version. It is a home made, humble recording.
Thank You

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From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shave_and_a_Haircut
"In music, the call "Shave and a Haircut" and the associated response "two bits" is a simple, 7-note musical couplet or riff popularly used at the end of a musical performance, usually for comic effect. It is used both melodically and rhythmically, for example as a door knock.

"Two bits" is an archaism in the United States for 25 cents, a quarter. "Six bits" is occasionally used. The final words may also be "get lost" or some other facetious expression. In England, it was often said as "five bob" (slang for five shillings), although words are now rarely used to accompany the rhythm of the tune.

History
An early occurrence of the tune* is from an 1899 Charles Hale song, "At a Darktown Cakewalk".[2] Other songs from the same period also used the tune. The same notes form the bridge in the "Hot Scotch Rag", written by H. A. Fischler in 1911.

An early recording used the 7-note tune at both the beginning and the ending of a humorous 1915 song, by Billy Murray and the American Quartet, called "On the 5:15".

In 1939, Dan Shapiro, Lestor Lee and Milton Berle released "Shave and a Haircut – Shampoo"[3] which used the tune in the closing bars, and is thought to be the origin of the lyric…
The Bo Diddley beat is derived from "Shave and a Haircut".[14][18]

"Shave and a Haircut" was used in many early cartoons, particularly Looney Tunes cartoons, played on things varying from car horns to window shutters banging in the wind. It was also used as an ending to many cartoon shows, just after the credits. Decades later, the couplet became a plot device used by the chief antagonist Judge Doom in the film Who Framed Roger Rabbit, the idea being that Toons cannot resist finishing with the "two bits" when they hear the opening rhythm."...
-snip-
* [My asterisk] "An early occurance" here means "in the United States". As the earlier excerpts on this post indicate, that tune is a clave pattern which "originated in sub-Saharan African music traditions".

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Stella 17-Inch Music Box Playing "At A Darktown Cakewalk"




MusicBoxBoy, Uploaded on Mar 22, 2009

Here's my 17" Stella Console Grand playing "At A Darktown Cakewalk". Cakewalks, a largely forgotten part of our musical past, were popular during the heyday of Minstrel shows well over 100 years ago and were always performed in a quick and lively tempo. Hope you enjoy this.
-snip-
Here are three comments from this sound file's viewer comment thread:
2009
JohnnyDandMe55
"shave and a haircut 2 bits!

**
2011
Kirke182
"@telesniper2 Cakewalks as musical pieces were white. The dance was devised by blacks as a way of mocking the way white people danced. All the written cakewalks were written by white composers--especially Kerry Mills, J. Bodewalt Lampe and Abe Holzmann. The Joplin-Marshall piece "Swipesy Cakewalk" is an exception although a lot of musicologists don't consider it a cakewalk."

**
Kirke182
"@telesniper2 Darktown was an imaginary black section of a given town…"

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mario bauza y afro cuban jazz orq. tanga.



MrRobertopagan21, Uploaded on Sep 28, 2010
-snip-
From Wikipedia: Clave (rhythm)
"Although clave-like phrases are found in early twentieth-century African American music, the use of the clave pattern as an overt rhythmic motif does not appear until the 1940s with the birth of Afro-Cuban jazz (or Latin jazz). The first original jazz composition to be overtly based in-clave was "Tanga" (1942) by Mario Bauza."

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Bo Diddley Hey! Bo Diddley - 1964



Jorge Michelini, Uploaded on Sep 14, 2010

Apresentação no TAMI SHOW em 1964.
-snip-
The Bo Diddley beat (Hambone beat) is an example of the "Shave and a hair cut. Two bits" tune.
-snip-
From
The "Bo Diddley beat" (1955) is perhaps the first true fusion of 3-2 clave and R&B/rock 'n' roll. Watch: "Hey Bo Diddley" performed live by Bo Diddley (1965). There is no documentation of a direct Cuban connection to Bo Diddley's adaptation of the clave rhythm. Bo Diddley has given different accounts of the riff's origins. However, Ned Sublette asserts: "In the context of the time, and especially those maracas [heard on the record], 'Bo Diddley' has to be understood as a Latin-tinged record. A rejected cut recorded at the same session was titled only 'Rhumba' on the track sheets."[89] Johnny Otis' "Willie and the Hand Jive" (1958) is another example of this successful blend of 3-2 clave and R&B". Otis used the Cuban instruments claves and maracas on the song. The song "Little Darling" is also built around clave"

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WILLIE AND THE HAND JIVE - Johnny Otis



TheGoodlucks, Uploaded on Jan 20, 2012

Johnny Otis (and friends) perform "Willie and the Hand Jive". 1958

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ADDENDUM: The "Shave and a haircut Two bits" tune DID NOT come from a Morse Code.
From http://dan.hersam.com/2004/09/21/shave-and-a-haircut-two-bits/ "Amidst a tangled web: shave and a haircut, two bits"
[comment #10] "I know this little tune as “Shave and haricut, two bits” but I am more familiar with it as an ending to some folk music (I play a violin). I was once told that this was morse code for hello or ‘hi’, but the only thing this rhythm comes close to spelling is TINA (- .. -. .-)…so I disregarded that comment. I have also been told that this is an explative in Mexico" (involving ones mother and other things I will leave out).
-snip-
"explative" = expletive

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From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Shave_and_a_Haircut
The Morse code " dah-di-di-dah-di, di-dit " (shave and a haircut, "two dits") is fairly common in the radioamateur service, usually as a sign-off, but is only easily recognised because the "two bits" musical version pre-existed. Dunno if this had a counterpart in landline telegraphy. With all the digital tinkering in amateur radio, this risks going full-circle and becoming "two bits", driven largely by the introduction of microprocessors in the 1970s and 1980s. K7L (talk) 14:10, 23 August 2013 (UTC)
-snip-
That Wikipedia talk page also includes a comment about the Mexican expletive that has the same tune as "Shave and a haircut. Two bits".

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This concludes Part I of this pancocojams post.

Click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2014/01/examples-of-shave-and-haircut-childrens.html for Part II of this series.

Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post. Thanks also to the musicians and singers who are featured in videos, and thanks to the publishers of those videos on YouTube.

Thank you for visiting pancocojams.

Visitor comments are welcome.

Read More

The Devil, Jumbies, And The "Shut De Door"(Keep Out The Devil) Song

Edited by Azizi Powell

This post serves as a companion to "A Cultural Critique Of The Song "Shut De Door" (Keep Out De Debil) http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2014/01/a-cultural-crtique-of-song-shut-de-door.html

In this post I've included excerpts from several online articles that provide explanations of the Caribbean/African and Western European folk beliefs that make up the "Shut De Door" song, i.e. that

Oh, Satan is an evil charmer
(Shut de do, keep out the debil)
He's hungry for a soul to hurt
(Shut de do, keep the debil in de ni-eet)
And without your holy armor
(Shut de do, keep out the debil)
He will eat you for dessert

(Shut de do, keep the debil in de ni-eet)
Shut de do, keep out de debil
You shut de do, keep de debil in de ni-eet
Shut de do, keep out de debil
Light de candle everything's alright
Light de candle everything's alright

http://www.metrolyrics.com/shut-de-do-lyrics-randy-stonehill.html

The content of this post is presented for folkloric, cultural, and educational purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

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SELECTED EXCERPTS
(These excerpts are presented in no particular order. They are numbered for referencing purposes.)

Excerpt #1
From http://www.life123.com/holidays/halloween/superstitions/elizabethan-superstitions.shtml "Elizabethan Era Superstitions" By Jennifer Maughan
"Elizabethan superstitions reflect the fears and beliefs of British citizens in the 1500s and early 1600s. The era is distinguished by a long period of peace, as well as a stable and successful overall population. Exploration, art, literature and expansion brought new ideas-both interesting and scary-to the common person. These superstitions blend pagan traditions and international folk tales with seemingly supernatural explanations of events...

Witchcraft And The Devil
People in the Elizabethan era were deeply religious and felt a real fear of the devil and witchcraft. Because there were no scientific explanations for events such as sick animals or bad luck, they blamed witches. Elizabethan witches were believed to cast spells and to keep certain magical animals, such as cats (especially black ones), bats and frogs. The color black was linked to evil, as were the numbers 7 and 13. The devil was thought to roam freely, and saying "Bless you" when someone sneezed was thought to keep the devil from entering their body."

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Excerpt #2
From http://classroom.synonym.com/beliefs-devil-during-elizabethan-times-5371.html
"A Force for Evil
To Elizabethans, the influence of the Devil on human affairs was almost as prevalent as that of God. While God was a force for good, the Devil was a force for evil. The Devil was believed to be able to take on whatever form he chose, human or animal, to tempt his victims to do wicked things. Many people believed that ghosts, too, were the Devil in disguise. One of the most famous Elizabethans, William Shakespeare, refers to this belief in his play ''Hamlet.''…
Demonic Possession

Alongside the idea that certain people might make pacts with the Devil, the Elizabethans believed the Devil could forcefully take possession of an innocent victim. In Shakespeare's ''King Lear,'' one character claims to have been possessed in this way by no fewer than five demonic entities. It was commonly believed that the Devil could enter a victim through his mouth as he sneezed, and that this could be prevented if another person said "Bless you." This is one superstition that has survived from Elizabethan times to the present day."

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Excerpt #3
From http://www.kaieteurnewsonline.com/2008/06/08/a-study-into-jumbies/ "A study into jumbies" June 8, 2008 By Rustom Seegopaul

[Regarding Guyanese folklore]

..."THE OLE HIGUE
O le Higues are also known as “Fire Rass” or Angeli. The ole higue is always a woman. It is said that she sucks the blood of unsuspecting victims as they sleep. Her favourite victims are young children and babies.

The ole higue’s distinguishing feature is the fact that, during the day, she lives among other Guyanese as a somewhat introverted and quiet old lady. At night, this seemingly harmless old woman removes her skin, places it gently in a calabash, and travels across the sky as a ball of fire heading to the home of her intended victim.

To enter the home she shrinks herself and enters through the keyhole.

There have been countless sightings of these balls of fire all over the country, and many people still have a staunch belief in the reality of the ole higue.

There are three ways to dispose of an ole higue. The first is to turn the key while she is trying to get through the keyhole. Even today many people still lock their doors and then turn their key to a horizontal position to allow an ole higue to make it partway into the hole.

The rustling of the key should wake the tenant, who can then turn the key fully and crush the ole higue. It is said that the next morning a pile of bones should be seen on the doorstep.

The second way is to find its skin in the calabash where it is stored and put hot peppers in the skin. An ole higue who tries to wear this skin will be burned by the pepper. The ole higue is very miserly, and the last way to catch the ole higue is to spill rice grains on the floor in front of the front door to the house. As the ole higue enters your house, she will be forced to count every rice grain before she can pass. It is better to make sure there is a large helping of rice on the floor and no bags in sight.

This is because the ole higue will have to pick up the grains with her right hand and place counted grains in her left hand. Her hands can only hold so many rice grains, and it is only a matter of time before the grains begin to fall back to the ground and the process begins again. When the homeowners awake the next morning, they should find a very tired and incredibly distressed ole higue counting rice. This is when the homeowners will beat the woman to death with a broom."

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Excerpt #5
From http://www.luckymojo.com/devil.html
"Can the Devil be a bringer of good luck? Yes, indeed, according to old European traditions. This devil -- known variously as Old Nick, Old Scratch, Old Split-Foot, and Der Teufel -- did not begin his career as the "Satan" (adversary) of Christianity and Judaism or the "Prince of Darkness" and "fallen angel" popularized by John Milton in his epic poem "Paradise Lost" (1667 - 1674).

The old Devil is a Teutonic woods-spirit, an ogre-like trickster who may desire to eat human flesh, but is often friendly to wood-cutters and footloose soldiers. In Germanic folk-tales like those collected by the Grimm brothers, he is usually described as living out in the woods with his aged grandmother who combs his hair to put him to sleep at night. Among Americans of Anglo-Saxon heritage, he is sometimes said to have a wife who quarrels with him.

In the area of Central and Eastern Europe comprising Germany, Austria, Hungary, and the Czech Republic, the Devil was never fully absorbed into the Christian mythos as Satan but remained as he had always been, a slender, horned, bearded, fur-covered half-man of the woods. Under the regional names Krampus, Schwarze Peter (Black Peter), and Knecht Ruprecht (Ruprecht the Servant), he accompanies Saint Nicholas on his rounds of gift-giving, originally on December 6th, but eventually on Christmas Day, December 25th. In the early part of the 20th century it was the custom during December to send humourous Krampus postcards to friends...

This old Devil was a spirit of untamed nature who loved music and in many ways resembled the half-human Greek god Pan. Like the West African deities Ellegua and Legba, he could be met with at a crossroads, where he would make pacts -- but unlike these deities, he was described in folktales an unpredictable ally, and a rather dim-witted foe who was easily and humourously outwitted. Coincidentally, he also resembled the Guatemalan crossroads deity Maximon, known as San Simon, for he took a special interest in the affairs of drunkards and gamblers...

When Christianity overtook the native Teutonic religions, the Devil acquired some new attributes. In one of the Grimm's tales, "The Devil's Sooty Brother," he actually lives in Hell, where, for a term of work stoking the hellfires, he grants a veteran soldier a comfortable life in the here-and-now."...
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Interestingly enough, I haven't found any online references yet to any Caribbean custom of lighting a candle to keep out the devil or evil spirits.

Also, as the website given as Example #5 demonstrates, there are long held traditions in the many cultures of lighting certain colored candles to achieve a certain result or results. whether that result is good or evil. However, I think that Randy Stonehill's references to lighting a candle are based on the overarching belief that the devil (or evil spirits) are most active in the dark (and at night). Lighting a candle dispels some of the darkness, thus keeping away those evil spirits. A related belief that light= God/Jesus is the basis of such Christian songs as "The Light Of The World Is Jesus". Unfortunately, the belief that good = light and bad = dark influences the way some people have viewed White people and People of Color, especially Black people and other People of Color who are dark skinned.

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This concludes this sampling of online material on the devil, jumbies, and the "Shut De Door" song.

Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post.

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Visitor comments are welcome.

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